For the complement system to cause AMD, there must be initiation (a ‘trigger’), amplification, and local retinal damage caused by the process. The alternative pathway of the complement system is ...

However, the discovery that receptors for complement activation fragments are expressed by almost all immune cells — including B cells and T cells — and that these cells can sense and convert the ...

Global understanding of complement has shifted and developed since the 21st century: from our idea of a blood-based antibiotic system to a global regulator of immunity and tissue homeostasis. Recent ...