Rome and Persia became two of the ancient world’s greatest rivals, fighting a series of wars that stretched across centuries.

A newly published study challenges long-held assumptions about the origins of urban civilization in ancient Mesopotamia, suggesting that the rise of Sumer was driven by the dynamic interplay of rivers ...

The term Persia has been used for centuries, chiefly in the West, to designate a region of southern Iran formerly known as Persis or Parsa; the name of the Indo-European nomadic people who migrated ...

For 2,500 years, influential rulers have been trying to defeat Persia. But neither Croesus, nor Alexander the Great, nor Rome's emperor succeeded. The story of these defeats reads like a lesson.

"The conflict between the powerful Roman and Iranian empires arising from the extension of Roman power into today's Middle East is coming into increasingly sharp focus, thanks to the amount of ...