In recent decades, the emphasis of biomarker research has centered around blood-based markers. However, blood biomarkers alone cannot capture the full spectrum of clinically relevant indicators.

In recent decades, the emphasis of biomarker research has centered around blood-based markers. However, blood biomarkers alone cannot capture the full spectrum of clinically relevant indicators.

High levels of ketones in urine, or ketonuria, is usually a sign of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The body produces ketones when it burns fat for fuel. DKA is a severe complication of diabetes that can ...

One of the earliest signs that the kidneys are not functioning the way they should, is the leaking of protein into the urine, medically referred to as proteinuria. In a healthy body, the kidneys ...

While drinking more water remains the primary recommendation, doctors suggest adding flavourful options that alter urine chemistry and inhibit stone formation.

Creatinine levels can be measured through a urine test. Abnormal levels of creatinine in a person’s urine can indicate medical issues, such as kidney infection, kidney stones, and diabetes. Creatinine ...

Chelsea Wald is a freelance reporter in The Hague, the Netherlands, and the author of Pipe Dreams: The Urgent Global Quest to Transform the Toilet. On Gotland, the largest island in Sweden, fresh ...