Ladder logic uses switch or relay contacts to implement Boolean expressions. In years past, ladder logic was made possible with discrete relays and was sometimes termed “relay logic.” Today most ...

What are the challenges for real-time biosensing and “edge” analysis? How do gold and gold-silver nanowires address the issue? How these sensors can implement elementary logic functions. Wearable ...

In the early days of digital design, all circuits were designed manually. You would draw K-map, optimize the logic and draw the schematics. If you remember, we all ...

Since 1972, scientists have known there are four basic circuit components, but if you’ve spent any time in an electrical engineering classroom, you probably only have experience with three: capacitor, ...

A central goal of synthetic biology is to create cellular networks that integrate input signals for decision making and actuation 1. In recent years, artificial logic gates 2,3,4 and memory devices ...

Let's assume that you need to simultaneously look at the inputs and outputs of a 16-bit counter to determine a timing error, but you have only a 2-channel scope – how do you look all of the required ...

Fig 1. A typical CMOS input circuit comprises a “P” and “N” transistor. One is fully “on” for logic high, and the other is “on” for a logic low. Fig 2. When a CMOS input pin is at logic high or low ...

Logic Gates are among the important components of a circuit. All the logical operations required to perform a particular task in an electronic circuit are carried by these logic gates. If you are an ...

Field-effect transistors based on carbon nanotubes have been shown to be faster and less energy consuming than their silicon counterparts. However, ensuring these advantages are maintained for ...

One of the hardest things about studying electricity, and by extension electronics, is that you generally can’t touch or see anything directly, and if you can you’re generally having a pretty bad day.